For Türkiye in particular, the Makkah pact extends Erdoğan’s established approach of positioning Ankara as indispensable across NATO, the Arab Gulf, and South Asia simultaneously. Turkish drone exports such as Riyadh’s 2023 purchase of the Baykar Akıncı system, which remains Ankara’s largest defence export contract to date, present the most obvious existing framework for the […]
After long anticipation and several decades of formative foreign policy, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, commonly rendered in English language commentary as the ‘Mecca’ pact, on the 7th of August 2026 at Al-Safa Palace in Makkah. The official […]
